英语语法专练Therebe结构和have/hasgot的用法

一、There be结构

There be句型表示"某地有某物"，也可以表示"某地方有某人"，表示的是"存在"。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词"那里"的含义。There be句型的构成形式一般为"There is/are 名词 介词短语"。

（一）There be结构中的主谓一致

1.当动词be后面接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be用单数is；如果后面接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。如：There is some apple juice in the bottle./There are two apples on the table.

2.There be后面如果是几个并列名词作主语时，be的形式和最靠近它的名词保持数的一致。如：There are two pens and a ruler on the desk.

（二）There be结构的时态

1.There be结构的各种时态

（1）There be结构的一般现在时态：There is/are 名词 介词短语。如：There is some milk in the cup.

（2）There be结构的一般过去时态：There was/were 名词 介词短语。如：There was a garden behind the house.

（3）There be结构的现在进行时态：There is/are 名词 doing sth. 介词短语。如：There are three boys swimming in the river.

（4）There be结构的一般将来时态：There is/are going to be 名词 介词短语。或者为：There will be 名词 介词短语。如：There is going to be a sports meeting in our school next week./There will be a sports meeting in our school next week.

（5）There be结构的现在完成时态：There has/have been 名词 介词短语。如：There has been life for hundreds of millions of years on the earth.

2.There be结构可以与情态动词等连用。如：There must be some cakes on the table.

（三）There be结构的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句

1.There be结构的否定句有两种构成：

（1）在be后面加not。如：There isn't a box in the room.

（2）在名词加no。如：There is no water in the bottle.

2.There be结构的一般疑问句

把be提到句首，回答时用Yes，there be./No, there be not.如：Are there any students in the classroom? Yes, there are./No, there aren't.

3.There be结构的特殊疑问句

引导词主要是how many和how much或者what's 介词短语形式。结构为How many 可数名词复数 are there 介词短语？/How much 不可数名词 is there 介词短语？如：How many apples are there on the tree?/How much water is there in the bottle?/What's in the glass?

4.There be结构的反意疑问句

There be 名词 介词短语，is/are/isn't/aren't...there? 如：There is little milk in the cup, is there?

二、have/has got用法

1.have/has got表示某人有某物，表示的是"所有"。当主语不是第三人称单数时，用have got；当主语是第三人称单数时，用has got。如：They have got two dogs./She has got many English books.

2.have/has got的陈述句（肯定形式和否定形式）、一般疑问句

（1）have/has got的陈述句肯定形式：主语 have/has got 其它。如：They have got two black pens.

（2）have/has got的陈述句否定形式：主语 haven't/hasn't got 其它。如：He hasn't got a ruler.

（3）have/has got的一般疑问句：Have/Has 主语 got 其它？Yes, 主语 have/has.(肯定回答）No，主语 haven't/hasn't.（否定回答）

三、练习

（一）根据句意，用there be或have/has got填空， 使句意完整。

1.How many books_____she_____?

2._____any pictures on the classroom walls?

3.They_____ more apple than Lucy.

4.How much milk_____in the glass?

5.We_____any carrots in the bag.

6._____she_____any sweet potatoes?

7._____a book and two erasers on the teacher's desk.

8.What_____Tom_____? Can you tell me?

9._____any water in Lucy's cup yesterday.

10._____no computers in the classroom.

（二）句子翻译。

1.大明的房间里有什么？

2.露西没有一些土豆。

3.他有几本英语书？

4.田野里和山上有很多绵羊。

5.湖上没有孩子在滑冰。

6.三年前我家附近有一个公园。

7.下周我们学校要开家长会。

8.过去这座城市有两所大学。

9.今年到现在为止雨水太多了。

10.明天我们学校有一场足球赛吗？

*练习参考答案

（一）1.has got 2.Are there 3.have got 4.is there 5.haven't got 6.Has got 7.There is 8.has got 9.There wasn't 10.There are

（二）1.What's in Daming's room?

2.Lucy hasn't got any potatoes.

3.How many English books has he got?

4.There are many sheep in the fields and on the hills.

5.There are no children skating on the lake./There aren't any children skating on the lake.

6.There was a park near my house three years ago.

7.There is going to be/will be a parents' meeting in our school next week.

8.There used to be two universities in this city./There were two universities in this city.

9.There has been too much rain so far this year.

10.Is there going to be a football match in our school tomorrow?/Will there be a football match in our school tomorrow?

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