高中英语常见搭配A

A

about

1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：

What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么?

He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。

2. be about to do sth

(1) 即将，马上(不与具体时间状语连用)。如：

Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。

He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。

(2) 打算，有意(主要见于美国英语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：

I’m not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。

I’m not about to stop when I’m so close to success. 现在我已接近成功了，我不打算放弃。

3. How [What] about (doing) sth?

(1) 用于征求意见，意为：你认为(做)某事怎么样? 如：

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?

What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样?

(2) 询问情况或打听消息，意为：(做)某事怎么样? 如：

What about that matter the other day? 早几天的那件事怎么样了?

(3) 表示讽刺或挖苦，意为：你做某事又作何解释? 你做某事又怎么说? 如：

A：I have never had an accident while driving. 我开车从未出过事。

B：How about that time you ran into a lamppost? 那次你撞到路灯上又怎么解释呢?

注：有时用于人。如：

I’m ready. What about you? 我已准备好了，你呢?

How about Mother? Is she all right? 妈妈怎么样? 她好吗?

above

1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：

Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。

2. be above someone (one’s head) 太高深，无法理解。如：

The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。

The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学生理解不了。

3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：

Don’t get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。

Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。

absence

1. in (during) one’s absence / in (during) the absence of

(1) 当某人不在时。如：

Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候，请照看一下我的房子。

In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。

(2) (由于)缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情况下。如：

Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存，动物也是一样。

He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据，他只好认为那是真实的。

2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：

Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟糕的结果。

absent

1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：

He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。

比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化)：

He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。

He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。

2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：

He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。

Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课?

accident

1. by accident 偶然地，无意中。如：

I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。

Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。

注：by accident 主要用作状语，有时也用作表语。如：

Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。

2. by accident of 因为……的机会，由于……的运气。如：

By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。

3. without accident 平安无事地。如：

That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。

The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。

according

1. according as 根据，随……而定(后接从句)。如：

Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。

According as you are studying now, you won’t make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。

2. according to

(1) 根据，按照(主要引出状语)。如：

Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。

According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是五点钟。

Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。

注：according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如：

依我看，这部电影很不错。

正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误：According to me, the film is wonderful.

(2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表语)。如：

It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。

account

1. by (from) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。如：

He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。

I’ve never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方，但听说那地方很好。

2. on account of 因为，由于。如：

He couldn’t come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。

On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我们商店停止营业。

3. on all accounts (on every account) 总之，无论如何。如：

On all accounts you must go. 总之，你一定得去。

It is best to stay here on every account. 总之，留在这儿是最好的。

4. on no accounts 绝不，无论如何都不。如：

My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。

I will never do such a thing on any account. 无论如何我决不做这样的事。

若置于句首，句子要用倒装句式。如：

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

5. on one’s account 为了某人的缘故。如：

Don’t put off the meeting on my account. 不要为了我而把会议推迟。

I didn’t tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的关系，我没有把这消息告诉她。

6. take sth into account 考虑，注意。如：

You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。

When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。

有时宾语太长，也可放在后面。如：

We must take into account the boy’s long illness. 我们必须考虑到这个孩子已经病了很久。

有时也可说成 take account of sth。如：

You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account. 你必须考虑到这个事实。

act

1. act as (临时)担任，充当，起……的作用。如：

A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。

表示担任独一无二的职务，其前通常不用冠词。如：

He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。

I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as

interpreter. 我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。

2. act for 代理(某人职务)，代为(处理某事)。如：

Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。

I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。

3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。如：

Let’s act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。

4. act on (upon) 对……起作用，对……有效。如：

The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。

Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。

5. in the act (of) 当场，正在动作时。如：

He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。

He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住。

action

1. in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中，在战斗中。如：

I’ve heard he’s an excellent player but I’ve never seen him in action. 我听说他是位高手，但还从未实地见过。

The machine is now in action. 机器正在运转。

He was killed in action in France. 他在法国阵亡。

2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：

The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。

I’ve been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已经好几个星期没有工作了。

3. take action 采取行动。如：

I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我该采取行动的时候了。

Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须采取行动阻止火势蔓延。

add

1. add in 包括。如：

Don’t forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。

Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗?

2. add to 增加。如：

This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。

It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴。

3. add up

(1) 加起来。如：

You haven’t added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。

(2) 有意义，有道理(主要用于口语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：

His excuse just doesn’t add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。

What he said doesn’t add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。

4. add up to

(1) 加起来等于，总计。如：

The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。

The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。

(2) 总起来看说明了。如：

Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。

The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。

addition

1. in addition 此外，另外，还有。如：

I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其它一些人。

You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。

2. in addition to 除……之外。如：

We play football in addition to basketball. 除了篮球外，我们还踢足球。

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。

In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我还给你买了件衬衫。

注：in addition to 中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。如：

In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。

另外，当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。如：

The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。

admire

1. admire sb for sth 因为某事情而佩服某人

We admire him for his bravery. 我们佩服他的勇敢。

I admire him for his success in business. 我们佩服他事来有成。

注：有时以上句型可以简写，如上面两句的 him for 也可省略，即第一句可说成：We admire his bravery.

admit

1. admit of 容许有，有……的余地，有……的可能。如：

The matter admits of no delay. 此事刻不容缓。

The word admits of no other meaning in the case. 该词在此例中不可能有其它的意义。

2. admit to 承认。如：

He admitted to the murder. 他供认了谋杀罪。

He admitted to having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。

注：由于 admit 表示“承认”可用作及物动词或不及物动词，所以上面各例中的介词 to 有时也可省略(省略 to 后 admit 为及物动词)。

3. admit…to (into) 允许进入，使能进入。如：

They admitted him to [into] their organization. 他们接受他参加了他们的组织。

How many students have been admitted into the school this year? 今年这所学校有多少学生入学?

试比较(注意介词不同)：

He was admitted to (into) the Party. 他被吸收入党。

He was admitted as a Party member. 他被接纳为党员。

advance

1. in advance 事先，提前。如：

The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。

Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好了。

2. in advance of 在……前面，超过，比……进步。如：

She walked in advance of her husband. 她走在她丈夫前面。

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。

3. on the advance (物价)在上涨。如：

Silk is on the advance. 丝绸价格在上涨。

advantage

1. have the (an) advantage over (of) 优于，比……占有优势。如：

He has an advantage over me for he knows some French. 由于他懂点法语，所以比我的条件有利。

You have the advantage over (of) me in experience. 你经验比我丰富。

有时用动词 gain, get 等。如：

They gained an advantage over the enemy. 他们比敌人占优势。

2. take advantage of

(1) 利用(机会、时机等)。如：

They took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis. 他们利用好天气去打了网球。

(2) 利用(某人的处境、弱点等)。如：

He always took full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. 他总是充分利用对手所犯的错误。

(3) 欺骗(某人)，捉弄(某人)，占(某人的)便宜。如：

He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是在占我的便宜。

3. to sb’s advantage对某人有利。如：

The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前的世界形势对我们有利。

It will be to your advantage to study abroad. 出国学习将对你有利。

advertise

1. advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人。如：

He advertised for his missing wallet. 他登广告寻找他丢失的钱包。

I must advertise for a new secretary. 我必须登广告招聘一位新秘书。

有时可后接不定式的复合结构。如：

We should advertise for someone to do it. 我们应该登广告找一个人来做此事。

注：advertise for 表示“登广告征求或寻找”，而不表示“为……而登广告”，要表示后者只需用 advertise 即可(即不能用介词 for)。如：

People advertise things which they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。

Jobs are advertised in the papers. 报纸上登有招聘广告。

advise

1. advise doing sth 建议做某事。如：

He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。

I advise waiting till proper time. 我建议等到适当时机。

注：不能直接后跟不定式作宾语。所以不能说：

* He advised to leave early.

2. advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事。如：

He advised me to buy a computer. 他建议我买台电脑。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。

注：以上意思也可用后接从句的形式表达(注意从句用 should＋v. 这样的虚拟语气)。如上面第一句也可说成:

He advised that I (should) buy a computer.

3. advise sb against doing sth 劝告某人不要做某事。如：

He advised her against going out at night. 他劝她晚上不要出去。

Her father advised her against marrying the worker. 她父亲劝告她不要嫁给这个工人。

注：该句型有时可与 advise sb not to do sth 替换。 如上面第一句也可说成：

He advised her not to go out at night.

4. advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人有某情况。如：

Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. 货物到达时请通知我们。

afford

1. afford sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：

I can’t afford so much money. 我出不起那么多钱。

At least we can [are able to] afford a house! 至少我们还买得起一幢房子吧。

2. afford to do sth 出得起(钱或时间等)做某事。如：

We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起那么高的价。

Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借出一些钱给我吗?

注：以上两类结构通常都与 can, be able to 等连用，且两者有时可互换。如：

I can’t afford (to buy) a new coat. 我买不起新外套。

How can you afford (to spend) the money for a car? 你怎么有钱去小汽车呢?

afraid

1. be afraid of sth (sb) 害怕某事(某人)。如：

Are you afraid of dogs? 你害狗吗?

There’s nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可害怕的。

比较：

He is afraid of her. 他怕她。

He is afraid with her. 跟她在一起时，他很害怕。

2. be afraid of doing sth

(1) 担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如：

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。

I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。

注：be afraid of doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用 be afraid that 替换。如：

He was afraid of losing face. ＝He was afraid (that) he’d lose face. 他怕失面子。

(2) 害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如：

I’m afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。

He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。

3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如：

He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。

He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。

注：以上两类句型的异同之处：表示担心会发生某事或某情况，只能用 be afraid of doing sth, 而表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事等，则两者都可用。如：

Don’t be afraid to ask [of asking] question. 不要害怕问问题。

He is afraid to go out [of going out] alone at night. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。

after

1. after all (尽管……)到底，毕竟，究竟。如：

I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。

I’m so sorry. I can’t come after all. 对不起，我还是不能来。

2. be after sth (sb) 追求，寻求，想得到。如：

What are you after? 你追求什么?

The police were after him. 警察在找她。

This is the very book I’m after. 这正是我要找的书。

3. sth after sth (前后接同一名词，表示多次重复)。如：

He fired shot after shot. 他打了一枪又一枪。

Day after day the rain continued. 雨一天一天地下着。

They worked there year after year. 年复一年他们就工作在那儿。

again

1. again and again 反复地，一再地。如：

I’ve told you that again and again. 这事我反复告诉过你。

He made the same mistake again and again. 他反复犯同样的错误。

age

1. at the age of 在……年龄时。如：

I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18岁。

He got married at the age of 25. 他25岁时结婚。

注：at the age of 20 (在20岁时)也可说成 at age 20。

2. at one’s age 在某人的年龄岁数时。如：

At your age you should know better. 你这个年纪应该比较明白事理了。

She ought to be earning her own living at her age. 像她这样的年纪应该自食其力了。

When I was your age, I had to work. 我像这样大的时候，我得工作了。

agree

1. agree with

(1) 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)。如：

I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。

We agree with what you say. 我们同意你说的。

(2) 表示“(食物、天气、工作等)对……适宜”。如：

The food does not agree with me. 这食物对我不适合。

Hard work does not agree with him. 艰苦的工作对他不适宜。

(3) 表示“与……一致”。如：

His story agrees with the facts. 他的陈述与事实相符。

A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。

2. agree to

(1) 后接某些名词，表示同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。

He agree the plan (the date). 他同意了这个计划(日期)。

We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。

I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didn’t quite agree with it. 我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。

(2) 后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)或动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时 to 是介词)。如：

We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。

She agreed to my going home. 她同意我回去。

注：英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如不说：

* She agreed me to go home.

3. agree on [upon]

(1) 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。如：

Can we agree on a price (a date)? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)?

Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。

注：在正式文体中，有时可省略介词 on。如：

Can we agree a price (date)?

(2) 后接动名词，表示同意做某事。如：

He agreed on helping us. 他同意帮助我们。

注：与 agree to do sth 大致同义。所以上句也可说成：

He agreed to help us.

ahead

1. ahead of：

(1) 表示时间或空间，意为：在……之前。如：

He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。

A new life lay ahead of him. 新的生活展现在他面前。

(2) 表示能力、水平、地位或先进性等方面，意为：比……强或高(主要用作表语)。如：

He’s ahead of us in English. 他的英语比我们强。

He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。

(3) 用于 ahead of time (schedule)，意为：提前、提早。如：

To my surprise he came ahead of time. 使我吃惊的是，他提前来了。

The work was done ahead of schedule. 工作提前完成了。

2. go ahead

(1) 表示同意或允许，意为：说吧、做吧。如：

A：Can I borrow your dictionary? 你可以用你的词典吗?

B：Yes, go ahead. 可以。

A：Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟可以吗?

B：No, go ahead. 没关系，你抽吧。

(2) 表示继续做某事，意为：继续……吧。如：

Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢!

Go ahead, what happened next? 说吧，下步怎么办?

aim

1. aim at 瞄准，针对。如：

He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 他(用枪)瞄准目标开火，却未打中。

When the teacher said that there was a lazy boy in the class, he was aiming at John. 当老师说班上有个不用功的孩子时，他是针对约翰说的。

注：有时其后也接介词 for, 表示希望达到某个目标。如：

We should aim for the best results. 我们要力争获得最好的结果。

2. aim to do sth 想要做某事，立志要做某事。如：

She aimed to please her boss. 她想要讨好她的老板。

We aim to solve the problem. 我们力求要解决这个问题。

注：有时可与 aim at doing sth 互换。如：

He aims to be [at being] a writer. 他立志要当作家。

air

1. by air 乘飞机。如：

He went to Paris by air. 他乘飞机去了巴黎。

Which is faster, by air or by train? 坐飞机快还是坐火车快?

2. in the air 在空中；在流传中；渺茫。如：

Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。

The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。

3. on the air 在广播中。如：

I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。

What’s on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目?

all

1. all along 一直，在整个期间。如：

I thought all along that he would win. 我一直认为他会赢。

We know all along that he is going to make it. 我们始终认为他是会成功的。

2. all over 到处，各处，全身。如：

We looked all over for the watch. 我们到处找过那块表。

She was like her mother all over. 她处处像她妈妈。

I was aching all over after the match. 比赛后我全身都痛。

He painted the wall green all over. 他把墙全漆成绿色。

3. in all

(1) 一共，合计。如：

There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。

That’s $15 in all. 一共15美元。

(2) 总之，简言之。如：

In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。

4. at all

(1) 用于否定句，意为：根本不、一点也不。如：

It wasn’t difficult at all. 这一点也不难。

There was nothing to eat at all. 根本没什么可吃的。

注：在否定句中，at all 可位于句末，也可跟在否定词后。如：

He isn’t tired at all. / He’s not at all tired. 他一点也不累。

另外，在口语中单独说 not at all, 可用来回答感谢或道歉。如：

A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。

B：Not at all. 不客气。

A：I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

B：Oh, not at all. 噢，没关系。

(2) 用于疑问句，意为：到底、究竟、难道不。如：

Are you at all worried about it? 你难道对此不担心吗?

Have you read any of the report at all? 那份报告你到底有没有读一点?

(3) 用于条件句(用来加强if的语气)，意为：假若、既然、即使、反正。如：

If you do it at all, do it well. 既然要做，就把它做好。

(4) 用于肯定句(较少见)， 意为：不管怎样、竟然。如：

I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪， 他竟然来了。

allow

1. allow (doing) sth 允许(做)某事。如：

The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不允许有其他的解释。

We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。

注：有时用于被动语态。如：

Dogs are not allowed. 狗不得入内。

Smoking is not allowed here. 此处不准吸烟。

2. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。如：

My parents don’t allow me to go out at night. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。

Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。

注：有时用于被动语态。如：

Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不准吸烟。

3. allow sb sth 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物。如：

He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。

We’ll allow you time to answer. 我们将给回答的时间。

I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now. 如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。

We allow passengers one item of hand luggage each. 我们允许每个乘客带一件手提行李。

注：有时用于被动语态。如：

I’m not allowed visitors. 我不准有访客。

4. allow for 考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅。如：

We should allow for every possible delay. 我们考虑到任何可能的延误。

We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻。

alone

1. leave [let] sb alone 不要打扰或干扰某人，听其自然。如：

Go away and leave me alone, will you? 你走开吧，不要管我，好不好?

2. leave [let] sth alone 不要移动(触摸，改变)某物，听其自然。如：

Leave that alone. It’s mine. 别动那个，是我的。

Leave that vase alone or you’ll break it. 不要动那个花瓶，不要你会把它打了的。

3. let alone 更不用说，别说。如：

He speaks Russian, let alone Russian. 他连俄语都会说，但不说英语了。

He won’t even thank you, let alone pay you. 他甚至不会感谢你，就更不用说会付给你钱了。

4. not be alone in (doing) sth 不只是某人这样想(这样认为，这样感觉等)。如：

We are not alone in thinking that. 不仅仅我们这样想。

He is not alone in believing that it may lead to war. 不单他一个人认为那会导致战争。

注：该句型主要用于否定句，偶尔也用于肯定句。如：

We are all alone in objecting to the plan. 我们孤单地反对这个计划。

along

1. along with

(1) 随同……一起。如：

Mother sent me some money along with her letter. 母亲随信给我寄来了一些钱。

(2) 除……之外。如：

Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. 除酒之外，烟草在大多数国家都要征税。

(3) 与……一起(一道)。如：

The teacher worded along with the students. 老师同学一起干。

He went on the journey along with his two friends. 他与他的两位朋友一起去旅行。

注：以上三个用法的实质意思是一样的。

2. get along

(1) 进行，进展。如：

How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学得怎样?

(2) 相处。如：

He doesn’t get along well with his classmates. 他与同学相处不好。

angry

1. be angry with (at) sb 对某人生气。如：

He was angry with [at] his wife. 他对他妻子很生气。

The teacher was angry with [at] me when I was late. 我迟到时老师对我很生气。

注：表示对某人生气，用介词 with 比用介词 at 常用。有人认为：用 with 表示心中感到生气，而用 at 则表示怒气流露于外表；也有人认为用介词 at 为口语或非正式文体等。不过值得注意的是，不要按汉语意思说 be angry to sb。

2. be angry at [about] sth 对某事生气。如：

The teacher was rather angry at what you said. 老师对你说的话相当生气。

The man was angry at being kept waiting. 这个人因别人让他久等而很恼火。

My sister was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我妹妹很气恼。

注：表示对某事生气，介词 about 和 at 都可用，有人认为：介词 at 后接某人之言行，而 about 之后接某事， 但这种区别并不十分严格，两者有时可换用。但是，表示对某事生气，通常不能用介词 with。

3. be angry for sth 因为某事而生气。如：

I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake.

我因为犯了这么愚蠢的错误而在生自己的气。

He was angry with me for not having done anything. 因为我什么也没做，他对我很生气。

another

1. one after another 一个接一个地，一个又一个地。如：

They left the room one after another. 他们一个一个地离开了房间。

We achieved victories one after another. 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。

注：按传统语法，one after another 指三者或三者以上，若指两者则用 one after the other, 但在现代英语中，两者常可换用。如：

Difficulties arose one after another [the other]. 问题一个一个地冒了出来。

另外，One after another 通常用作状语，有时用作主语。如：

One after another stood up and went out. 人们一个一个地站起来，走了出去。

2. one another 相互，彼此。如：

We should help one another. 我们应该互相帮助。

The members of the team support one another. 队员们相互支持。

注：有人认为 one another 一定用于三者或三者以上， 而用于两者须用 each other。但在现代英语中，两者常可换用。

The boy and girl are deeply in love with one another [each other]. 这男孩和女孩深深地相爱着。

The sea and the sky seem to melt into one another [each other]. 大海与蓝天似乎融为一体。

另外，one another 可以有所有格形式。如：

Those two are always copying one another’s [each other’s] homework. 那两个人总是相互抄袭作业。

answer

1. answer for 对……负责，对……承担责任，保证，代表。如：

I will answer for it (him). 我愿对它(他)负责。

One day you’ll have to answer for what you’ve done. 有一天你会对你今天的所作所为承担责任的。

I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意，但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。

注：该短语通常用于将来时态或含有情态动词的句子，其后可接名词或代词，一般不接 that 从句，若要接这类从句，则应先接形式宾语 it。如：

I can’t answer for his honesty. ＝ I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。

2. in answer to 作为对……的回答，响应……的请求。如：

In answer to his question, she shook her head. 对于他的问题，她以摇头作答。

The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call. 医生一接到我的电话就来了。

anxious

1. be anxious about sth (sb) 为某事或某人担心或担忧。如：

I’m very anxious about him. 我很为他担心。

He was anxious about her absence. 他担心她不来。

2. be anxious for sth (sb)

(1) 为某事或某人担心或担扰。如：

He was anxious for family. 他为他的家人担心。

We are anxious about his health. 我们都为他的身体担心。

注：此用法有时可将介词 for 换成 about。如：

We’re anxious for [about] his safety. 我们担心他的安全。

(2) 渴望某事物。如：

We are anxious for a change. 我们渴望换个环境。

We are really anxious for peace. 我们确实渴望和平。

3. be anxious to do sth 渴望(希望，想要)要做某事。如：

He is anxious to see her. 他渴望见到她。

We are anxious to leave here. 我们急于要离开这儿。

注：此用法有时可与 be anxious for sth 互换。如：

He’s anxious to know [for] the result. 他渴望知道结果。

4. be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望(希望， 想要)要某人做某事。如：

We are anxious for him to come. 我们希望他来。

I was anxious for everything to be settled. 我希望把一切都解决。

注：该句型有时可与带从句的结构互换。如上面两句也可说成：

We are anxious that he should come.

I was anxious that everything should be settled.

anything

1. (be) anything but 绝不是，根本不是。如：

I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。

The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。

The fight is anything but finished. 斗争绝没有结束。

The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆一点不让人满意。

注1. anything but 有时可单独使用。如：

I don’t mean he’s lazy ---- anything but! 我不是说他懒，他根本不懒。

注2. 不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：

He is anything but a poet. 他绝不是诗人。

He was anything but polite. 他根本没有一点礼貌。

2. like anything 使劲地，拼命地。如：

He praised her like anything. 他使劲地夸她。

The thief ran like anything when he saw the policeman. 小偷见到警察就拼命地跑走了。

apologize

1. apologize to sb 向某人道歉。如：

Apologize to your sister. 去给你姐姐赔个不是。

I’ve come to apologize to you. 我来向你道歉。

2. apologize for (doing) sth 因某事而道歉。如：

I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter. 未能及时给你回信，我得向你道歉。

He apologized for not being able to meet her. 他因为未能去接她而向她道歉。

注：以下两个句型有时可以配合使用。如：

He apologized to the teaching for coming late. 他因迟到而向老师道歉。

apology

1. make an apology to sb 向某人道歉。如：

He made an apology to her. 我向他道歉了。

2. make an apology for sth 因某事而道歉。如：

He made an apology for what he said. 他为他所说的话道了歉。

注：以下两个句型有时可配合使用。如：

He made an apology to her for hurting her feelings. 他因为伤害她的感情而向她道歉。

appear

1. appear to do sth 似乎要……。如：

He appears to have a lot of money. 他似乎很有钱。

He appeared not to notice anything. 他似乎没看见什么。

注：有时不定式用进行式或完成式等。如：

It appears to be raining. 似乎在下雨。

You appear to have traveled a lot. 看来你去过不少地方。

2. it appears that [as if]… 似乎……。如：

It appears that [as if] he will win. 看来他会赢。

It appeared that he didn’t like her. 似乎他并不喜欢她。

注：以上句型有时可与后接不定式的结构转换。如：

It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。

3. There appears to be… 似乎……。如：

There appears to be no danger now. 现在似乎没有危险了。

注：该句型有时可与后接 that 从句的句型转换。如：

There seems to have been a mistake. / It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。

apply

1. apply for sth 申请或请求得到某物。如：

He applied for a scholarship. 他申请了奖学金。

I’ll apply for the job tomorrow. 我明天去申请这份工作。

注：有时可在 apply 后加上 to sb, 表示向某人申请。如：

He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。

You must apply to the teacher for permission. 你必须请求老师批准。

2. apply to do sth 申请做某事。如：

He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。

In 1980 he applied to join the Party. 1980年他申请入党。

3. apply to sth (sb) 适用(运用)于某人或某物。如：

What you said doesn’t apply to me. 你所说的不适合于我。

The rule doesn’t apply to this case. 这条规则不适用于这种场合。

注：该结构中的 to 为介词，若后接动词，要用动名词。如：

These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。

4. apply sth to sth 把某物运用到另一物上。如：

You can’t apply this rule to every case. 你不能将这条规则运用到所有的情况。

In this way we can better apply theory to practice. 这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

5. apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事。如：

He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学法语。

If you apply yourself to the job, you’ll soon finish it. 如果你努力干，这工作不要多久就可以完成。

注：该结构中的 oneself有时可用 one’s mind, one’s energies等代之。如：

We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们动动脑筋找出解决的办法来。

argue

1. argue about (over) sth 为某事而争论。如：

They always argue about [over] money. 他们总是为钱争吵。

They are arguing about [over] who lost the ball. 他们在争论是谁丢了球。

注：有时 argue 后可接 with sb, 表示与某人争吵。如：

He argued with the driver about the fare. 他就车费与司机论理。

2. argue sb into (out of) (doing) sth说服某人做(不做)某事。如：

They tried to argue me into joining them. 他们设法要说服我加入他们一起干。

We argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey. 我们说服他不去作那样危险的旅行。

I argued him out of his opposition. 我说服他不再反对。

arrange

1. arrange to do sth 安排或准备做某事。如：

They arranged to start early. 他们准备一早出发。

I’ve arranged to see her tonight. 我已安排今晚同他见面。

We still have to arrange how (when) to go there. 我们还得安排如何(何时)去那儿。

2. arrange for sb (sth) to do sth 安排某人(某物)做某事。如：

He’s arranged for me to attend the meeting. 他已安排我去参加会议。

We have arranged for the car to come at nine. 我们已安排好让汽车9点钟来。

注：该结构有时可与后接从句的句型转换。如：

We arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week. / We

arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. 我们安排把会议推迟一周后召开。

arrive

1. arrive at 到达(较小地方)；达成(协议，结论等)。如：

Soon we arrived at the station. 我们很快就到了车站。

It took a long time to arrived at a conclusion. 花了很长时间才达成一个结论。

2. arrive in 到达(较大地方)。如：

Two weeks later we arrived in Paris. 两个星期后我们到了巴黎。

as

1. as……as

(1) 与……一样。如：

He gets up as early as I [me]. 他起床与我一样早。

This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。

He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. 他的样子与他在电话中说话的声音所反应的病情是一样的。

注：第二个 as 后接人称代词时，一般说来可用主格或宾格，且大致同义，但有时有差别。如：

You love him as much as I (=as I love him). 你爱他像我爱他一样。

You love him as much as me (=as you love me). 你爱他像爱我一样。

另外，在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。如：

He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。

(2) 与……一样，不但……而且，虽然……但是。如：

The room is as long as (it is) wide. 这房间的长宽一样。

The news was as unexpected as (it was) welcome. 这消息来得突然，但受人欢迎。

She is as clever as (she is) beautiful. 她既聪明又漂亮。

One is as light as the other is heavy. 一个轻，另一个重。

注：以上比较句型属于“异质比较”，即为同一个人或同一个事物在两个不同的方面进行比较。

2. as for 至于，就……来说。如：

As for me, I have nothing to say against it. 至于我，我没什么反对的意见的提。

As for being shy, you’ll get over that. 至于害羞，你会克服的。

I enjoy going to the movies. But as for the theatre, I prefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿呆在家里。

注：as for 通常位于句首。

3. as if [as though] 仿佛，似乎。如：

We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if we’ll have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们得走路了。

They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。

I couldn’t move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to

the floor. 我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。

注：as if [as though] 所引导的从句谓语根据语义的要求， 可用陈述语气(若可能为事实)或虚拟语气( 若为假设或不太可能是事实)。如：

It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。

另外，as if [as though] 之后有时可以不接句子，而接不定式或分词等。如：

He opened his mouth as if to speak. 他张开口， 好像要说话似的。

She stared at the girl as if seeing her for the first time. 她目不转睛地看着这姑娘，像是第一次见到她。

4. as much (many)……as 与……一样(多)。如：

You must speak English as much as possible. 你必须尽可能地多说英语。

You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。

She is a cook as good as her mother. / She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。

5. as to

(1) 至于，说到。如：

As to (doing) that, I haven’t decided yet. 至于(做)那件事，我还没有决定。

注：这样用的 as to 常可与 as for 换用。

As to [As for] his father, I don’t know him at all. 至于他父亲，我根本不认识。

(2) 关于。如：

Nothing as to his past is known. 关于他的过去，一无所知。

I have no doubts as to your ability. 关于你的能力，我毫不怀疑。

(3) 按照。如：

He arranged them as to size and colour. 他按照它们的大小和颜色进行安排。

ashamed

1. be ashamed of (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到羞愧或惭愧。如：

You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。

He was ashamed of asking [having asked]such a simple question. 他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。

He is ashamed of his failure [having failed]. 他对自己的失败感到羞惭。

比较以下同义句型：

I am ashamed of that. / I am ashamed of myself for that. 我对此感到羞愧。

He is ashamed of being poor. / He is ashamed of himself for being poor. 他因为穷而感到羞惭。

2. be ashamed to do sth

(1) 因感到难为情或感到差耻而不愿某事。如：

I am ashamed to say so. 这样说我不好意思。

He was too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助。

(2) 对做某事而感到羞愧或惭愧。如：

You should be ashamed to tell such lies. 撒这样的谎你应该感到羞愧。

He was ashamed to have made some careless mistakes. 他因出了些很粗心的差错而感到惭愧。

注：该用法有时可换成 that 从句。如上面最后一句也可说成：

He was ashamed that he had made some careless mistakes.

再比较：

他因说谎而感到羞惭。

正：He was ashamed of having lied.

正：He was ashamed to have lied.

正：He was ashamed that he had lied.

ask

1. ask about sth (sb) 询问有关某人或某事的情况。如：

She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康状况。

Can I ask about the exam results? 我可以问问考试结果吗?

2. ask after sb 问候某人(的健康)。如：

They all ask after you. 他们都问候你(的健康)。

3. ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。如：

He asked for some water. 他要些水。

A Mr Smith is asking for the manager. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人要找经理。

4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。如：

They asked me for help. 他们向我求助。

He asked her for her address. 他向她要她的地址。

5. ask to do sth要求或请求做某事。如：

He asked to see the manager. 他求见经理。

He asked to see whoever was in charge. 他要求见负责人。

He asked to go alone. 他要求一个人去。

6. ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事。如：

Ask John to mail these letters tomorrow. 叫约翰明天把这几封们寄了。

He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我们在门口等他。

asleep

1. be fast [sound] asleep 熟睡。如：

Now the baby is fast [sound] asleep. 这婴儿睡得正香。

You’ll be fast asleep by the time we get home. 等我们到家时你会熟睡了。

注：英语不说 very asleep。

2. fall asleep 入睡。如：

The boy fell asleep in his seat. 这男孩在座位上睡着了。

I fell asleep (while) watching TV. 我在看电视时睡着了。

astonished

1. be astonished at [by] 因(被)某事而惊讶。如：

They were astonished at [by] the news. 听到这个消息他们感到很惊讶。

I was astonished at [by] his sudden appearance. 我对他的突然出现而感到惊讶。

2. be astonished to do sth

I was astonished to see him there. 我在那儿看到他感到很惊讶。

She was astonished to hear what had happened. 她对所发生的事感到很惊讶。

attempt

1. attempt to do sth 试图做某事。如：

The prisoner attemted to escape. 囚犯企图逃跑。

He attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 他试图想发言，但却没让他讲话。

2. attempt doing sth 试图要做某事。如： / 30 / 19)

He attempted swimming across the river. 他试图游过河去。

I attempted walking until I collapsed and fell down. 我想尽力走下去，后来支持不住而摔倒了。

注：以上两类句型有时可互换。如：

Don’t attempt to do it by yourself. / Don’t attempt doing it by yourself. 不要企图一个人去做这件事。

attend

1. attend on sb 照料某人，服侍某人。如：

Who will attend on the patient? 谁来护理病人?

He was attended on by a number of servants. 有好多佣人侍候他。

注：有时其中的介词 on 可以省略。如：

He has two nurses attending (on) him. 有两位护士护理他。

2. attend to

(1) 注意听。如：

Attend now to what I tell you. 现在注意听我给你讲。

If you don’t attend to your teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 你要是不注意听老师讲，你就会什么也学不到。

(2) 处理；办理。如：

I’ll attend to the matter. 这事我来处理。

I may be late --- I have one or two things to attend to. 我可能会迟到，我还有一两件事要处理。

(3) 照顾；照看。如：

If you go out, who will attend to the baby? 你要是出去，谁来照顾婴儿?

Will you attend to the shop for a few minutes while I go to the bank? 在我去银行时你帮我照看一下店铺好吗?

(4) 接待；招待。如：

Are you being attended to, sir? 先生， 有人招呼你了吗?

I’m too busy. I can’t attend to you now. 我很忙，现在不能接待你。

(5) 专心；关心。如：

You must attend to your work. 你必须专心工作。

Parents must attend to the education of their children. 父母必须要关心子女的教育。

(6) 治疗；医治。如：

His injury was attended to by a young doctor. 他的伤由一位年轻医生医治。

attention

1. bring sth to one’s attention 使某人注意某事。如：

I brought this to his attention. 我使他注意到了这一点。

He’s brought this fact to the attention of the public. 他已使公众注意到这一事实。

2. call one’s attention to sth 提醒某人注意。如：

He called my attention to some new evidence. 他提醒我注意一些新的证据。

He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。

3. draw [catch, attract] one’s attention 引起某人的注意。如：

What he said drew our attention. 他说的话引起了我们的注意。

He knocked on the window to catch my attention. 他敲窗户以引起我的注意。

I kept trying to attract the waiter’s attention. 我不断地示意招呼服务员。

比较：

He drew attention to the rising unemployment. 失业率日益升高引起了他的注意。

4. fix one’s attention on sth 集中注意力于某事物。如：

He fixed his attention on writing. 他专心写作。

5. pay attention to 注意。如：

Pay attention to these details. 注意这些细节。

He asked the students to pay more attention to their study. 他叫学生们更加注意学习。

注：该用法中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以其后接动词时要用动名词。如：

Pay more attention to uniting and working with those who differ with you. 更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的人一道工作。

average

1. above (the) average 在平均水平以上。如：

His school work is above (the) average. 他的学业成绩属中等以上。

2. below (the) average 在平均水平以下。如：

His school work is below (the) average. 他的学业成绩属中等以下。

The amount of rain this year has been below average. 今年的降雨量低于平均水平。

3. on (the) average

(1) 中等(水平)。如：

His school work is on (the) average. 他的学业成绩属中等水平。

(2) 平均，按平均数计算。如：

On (the) average we receive ten letters each day. 我们平均每天收到10封信。

On average, there are five students absent every day. 平均每天有5个学生迟到。

注：有时也说 on an average。如：

He smokes 20 cigarettes a day on an average. 他平均每天要抽20支烟。

4. up to (the) average 达到平均水平。如：

The crops are well up to the average. 收成完全达到一般水平。

avoid

1. avoid doing sth 逃避或避免做某事。如：

He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。

It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。

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