学点篮球规则之篮下防守时怎么碰不犯规

湖人与凯尔特人的比赛，詹姆斯在比赛常规时间最后时刻被犯规惨遭漏判。根据NBA官方发布的《Official Playing Rules 2022-23 NBA Season》规则，适用于其中以下条款：

B. Personal Foul

Section I—Types

b. Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the ball is not legal.

This contact includes, but is not limited to, forearm, hands, or body check.

即 由防守球员发起的对持球球员的接触是犯规。（这种接触包括但不限于对前臂、手或者贴身）

那篮下防守怎么“碰”才能不犯规呢，根据此NBA规定，防守队员接触持球对手而不犯规的情况有以下几种：

(1) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball who has his back to the basket below the free throw line extended outside the Lower Defensive Box.

即 当持球进攻队员身处罚球线到低位防守区外（如下图黑框所示区域）时且背向篮筐，防守队员可以用前臂接触持球的进攻队员。（前臂只是用来保持防守位置）

可用前臂区域

(2) A defender may apply contact with a forearm and/or one hand with a bent elbow to an offensive player in a post-up position with the ball in the Lower Defensive Box.

即 当持球进攻球员在低位防守区域内（如下图紫色框所示区域）背筐进攻位置时，防守球员可以用前臂和/或弯曲的手肘进行接触。（前臂只是用来保持防守位置）（相比前一种情况可用肘部）

可用前臂 肘部区域

(3) A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball at any time in the Lower Defensive Box.

即 当持球进攻队员在低位防守区中时，防守队员可以用前臂接触此进攻队员。（前臂只是用来保持防守位置）

(4) A defender may position his leg between the legs of an offensive player in a post-up position in the Lower Defensive Box for the purpose of maintaining defensive position. If his foot leaves the floor in an attempt to dislodge his opponent, it is a foul immediately.

即当进攻球员在低位进攻区域背框进攻时，防守球员为了保持防守位置可以把腿放在进攻队员两腿之间；但如果防守人为了将对手赶走而脚离开地板则是犯规。

(5)Incidental contact with the hand against an offensive player shall be ignored if it does not affect the player’s speed, quickness, balance and/or rhythm.

即 在不影响球员的速度、敏捷、平衡和/或节奏的情况下，偶然接触进攻球员的手的情况应被忽略。

小编认为第5种情况给了裁判一定的灵活度，有一定的左右空间。

所有的规则都是为了更好的促进运动，保护运动员，学习规则应用规则也是对所有参与者的保护。篮球爱好者日常组局时本着友好协商的原则，公平对待球友，保护自己。

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